Grinding or polishing metals.



Nu. 698,l26. Patented Apr. 22, 1902..

' Y J. MISKDLCZY.

GRINDING 0R POLISHING METALS.

(Application file d June 1, 1961.)

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No. 698,126. Patented Apr. 22, I902. 2'

J. MISKOLCZY. GRINDING OR POLISHING METALS. 1

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UNrrn STATES Arena FFICE.

JOSEPH MISKOLCZY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO THE MISKO CUTLERY COMPANY,'OF

NEW JERSEY.

NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF GRINDING GR POLISHING METALS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 698,126, dated April 22, 1902. Application filed June 1,1901. Serial No. 6 2,857. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPH MISKOLCZY, a citizen of the United'States, residing at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Grinding or Polishing Metals, &c.; and I do hereby declare the ing surface, and thus the article, may be kept cool constantly, and therefore the heatgenerated by friction of the grinder or polisher upon the article may be allayedI It is well known that the grinding or p01 ishing of cutlery or articles of steel, or other materials, which have edges or surfaces so thin that the heat'producedby friction incident to, the grinding or polishing frequently renders the articles unsatisfactory and sometimes useless, because the heat generated therein by the contact of the articles with the grinding or polishing device is not readily conducted away from the surface and taken up by the atmosphere to prevent the drawing of the temper. The articles to be ground oripolished having, primarily, the temperature of the outsideatmosphere, upon being placed in contact with the grinding or polishing surface, acquire and hold the temperature of this surface, which has become heated by friction, and the temper or hardness of the article is partly drawn, so that it becomes an unsatisfactory product, the edge thereof not being of sufficient degree and quality of hardness throughout its length. Itis the purpose of my invention to obviate this by providing means 'for cooling or chilling-that is, refrigerating-the surface of the grinder or polisher.

Generally stated, I take a suitable body to be given movement, the surface of which may be of cold conducting and holding properties and be provided with a suitable grindingor polishing exterior, and this surface I make and keep cool that is, refrigerated.

More specifically stated,"I take a suitable body capable of rapid movement, such as a rotating wheel or a belt passing around a suitable revolving wheel, (the periphery of the wheel or the outer face of the belt being provided with suitable abrading or polishing 'surface,) and to this surface, whether it be that of a wheel or of a belt, I convey by suitable means a proper cooling or refrigerating medium at all times-that is, constantly-to keep the surface which is to be in contact with the article being ground or polished cool, and thus render it and the article free from heat. In other words, I present the grinding, or polishing surface to the presence of a I cooling or refrigerating medium to prevent it from generating heat upon contacting with the article being ground or polished.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of the specification, and in which like letters of reference indicate corresponding parts, I have illustrated various forms of embodiment of my invention, though it is to be understood that even these may be greatly Varied without departing from the spirit of my invention.

Figure 1 is a view in perspective,displaying apparatus embodying one embodiment of my inventionthat is, one wherein the grinding or polishing surface of a wheel is cooled or Fig. 1, enters and passesout at the same part. Fig. 5 is a view in perspective of the same apparatus as illustrated inFig. 1, with an abrading or polishing belt passing over the surface of the wheel, the belt byits contact with the cold or refrigerated surface of the wheel absorbing the cold thereof and conducting it to the article being ground or polished. Fig. 6 is a View in perpective also of a modified form of apparatus with a belt passing around the wheel and nearly for its entire length in the presenceof the cooling medium, the same in this instance being coils of pipe protected byasbestos or the like suitably housed; and Fig. 7 is a View, also in perspective, of a modified form of apparatus for cooling or refrigerating the exterior surface of a wheel by passing that surface in the presence of a suitable cooling medium, likewise coils of pipe suitably protected and housed. Fig. 8 is aview in perspective, displaying apparatus for refrigerating the interior and the exterior of the periphery of the wheel.

Referring to the drawings, and particularly to Figs. 1 and 2, A designates asuitable hollow moving body, the same in this instance being a vertical wheel, the periphery a of which may have an appropriateabrading or polishing surface. If preferred, one side of the wheel may be removable to permit easy access to its interior. The wheel being preferably hollow, as clearly shown in Fig. 2, forms a receptacle for the cooling medium conveyed to it, preferably under pressure, in the manner hereinafter described. To obviate the necessity of using a great quantity of the cooling medium to perform the desired end, I may mount within the interior of the wheel a suitable cylindrical casing a which for lightness may likewise be hollow and be of less width and diameter than the wheel to form a space a entirely around itthat is, between its sides and the inside face of the wheel A and also between its periphery and the under face of the periphery of the wheel A. To retain this cylindrical casing a in proper position, suitable pins a may be provided to project from it to the interior surface of the wheel.

The wheel A may be mounted on shafts B B revolving in suitable bearings b in a proper support or standard N. The shafts B B are preferably hollow or provided with a central passage b opening at its inner end into the space a in the wheel A. The shafts at their outer ends 5 are preferably tapered to form conical terminals, as shown in Fig. 2. These ends are designed to fit snugly in sockets in the head b of an extension pipe or duct Z), the passage therein registering with the passage in the shafts B B \Vhile the shafts B B and other parts of the device are made sufficiently thick to withstand the pressure incident to the expansion of the refrigerating medium, yet the pointed ends b of the shafts are sufficiently large to allow liquid, the, to pass through the same. These extensionpipes 1) project, respectively, into inlet and outlet reservoirs C (3*, provided, respectively, with inlet and outlet pipes 0 0 the former connecting with any source of supply of cooling or refrigerating medium, such as with a suitable refrigerating plant D. The extensionpipes b may be slidingly held in suitable stuffing-boxes 11 which may be screwed into the sides of the reservoir 0 0 Between the heads If of the extension-pipes I) and an enlarged end o of the stuffing-box b may be located coiled springs b, which, by reason of the extension-pipes b being slidingly heldin the stnfling-boxes 17 hold the head against the tapered or conical ends 11 of the shafts B B to permit the same freely to revolve in the head, and yet at the same time to prevent any leakage of the cooling medium at the point of connection. It is obvious that the shafts B B are freely rotatable independent of the extension-pipes I), and thus of the reservoirs C 0.

Where compressed air is used and its expansion acts as the cooling medium, the stuffing-boxes may, if desired, be dispensed with, and an ordinary air-compressor may be used in lieu of the ice-making plant.

Mounted upon either ofthe shafts B .B may be a band-wheel,preferablyofsmall diameter, so that the wheel A may, if desired, be rotated at high speed.

It is to be understood that any preferred kind of wheel or other body may be used and be rotatable horizontally, vertically, or otherwise. It is likewise to be understood that the periphery of the wheel may be of any preferred contourthat is, involute, concave, convex, or flat, as shown. It may, if desired, be covered with any suitable yielding material, such as leather, or have a covering of emery or other abrading substance.

It is apparent that without departing from the spirit of my invention I may, in lieu of the construction illustrated in Fig. 2, (consisting of cylindrical casing a with the spaces a around it,) employ coils of pipe F, lying in close proximity to the inner surface of the periphery a of the wheel, as shown in Fig. 3, the ends of the coils terminating preferably in the passages 11 in the shafts B B The operation of the apparatus will be obvious. The cooling or refrigerating medium is preferably forced from the refrigerating plant D through the pipe 0 into the reservoir (3, whence it passes through the extensionpipe I), the pin-pointed end b the shaft B into the interior of the wheel A and circulates around through the spaces a contacting'particularly with the under face of the periphery a of the wheel, and then passes out of the same through the shaft B the extensionpipe b in contact therewith, thence into the reservoir C and out of the same through the pipe 0 to a suitable receptacle or back to the refrigerating plant D.

In the device of Fig. 3 the cooling medium passes from the shaft B into and around through the coils F and thence into the shaft B and out, as before described.

It is obvious that instead of the wheel A being mounted Vertically, as in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, it may, as in Fig. 4c, be desirable to mount it horizontally. In this event it may be preferred to have the refrigerating medium onner face of the periphery to cool or refrigerter and pass out ofthe wheel A at the same point. In this figure the wheel A may be suitably mounted upon the standard or base 79 which in this instance may be hollow, the lower portion of which may be chambered vto form the inlet and outlet reservoirs C and C The wheel A may in this embodiment be hollow, as inthat of Figs. 1, 2, and 3, and I may omit the hollow cylindrical casing a of Fig. 1 and have leading into the interior of the wheel A from the reservoir 0 a pipe or duct 0 suitably supported in a stuffing-box 0 formed in the partition 0 between the reservoirs O and C The pipe or duct 0 is preferably bent nearly at right angles at a point considerably removed from its center, so that its end projects far into the interior of the wheel-nearly to the inner face of the periphery a thereof-so that the refrigerating medium during the rotation of the wheel may be kept constantly projected against the inate it. To afford a means for the outlet of the refrigerating medium, I may make the shaft c hollow, and this may extend from the bottom of the Wheel A to the outlet-chamb6130 forming an outlet-pipe c The shaft forming in this instance the outlet-pipe c is larger than the inletpipe c and, in fact, houses it and is suitably mounted in the hearing 0 which may be a stuffing-box, if desired. The shafts B and B revolve with the wheel A, and the shaft B may have a band-wheel E mounted thereon, by Whichit may be given rotation, and likewise that of the wheel A. While the shaft 0 revolves, the inlet pipe 0 may remain stationary. It is to be understood, of course, that it is not necessary to employ this form of apparatus for a horizontal Wheel, as that illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 may be used instead. The operation of this form of device is obvious. The cooling medium is preferably forced from the refrigerating plant into the reservoir 0, thence through the pipe 0 into the interior of the wheel, and against the inner face of the periphery a of the same. Then it may pass, as by gravity, down through the outlet-pipe a into the reservoir 0 and to any desired place.

In lieu of refrigerating the periphery of the wheel I may, if desirable, pass an abrading or polishing belt G over this periphery and allow the belt to absorb the cold therefrom and conductit to the article being ground or polished, as illustrated in Fig. 5.

It is to be understood, of course, that it may in some instances be desirable to refrigerate the exterior or face of the periphery of the grinder or polisher. In Fig. 7 I haveillustrated onemannerofdoingthis. Inthisembodiment of the invention I pass the periphery in the presence of refrigerating-coils H, the coils for the greater portion of their circumference being housed in asuitable casin g Lwhich may be packed with asbestos 't' or other substance for maintaining the refrigerative effects of the coils. In this form of apparatus I may omit frigerating together, .as shown. in Fig. 8. I

may also,.if desired, use this same form of embodiment for refrigerating an abrading or polishing belt, as shown in .Fig. 6,, the housing, in this instance, preferably extending entirely around the belt, except at the point of operation. 7

The gist of myinvention resides in refrigerating the contact-surface of a body being used for grinding, polishing, &c., and, if desirable,in keeping the same constant-1y refrigerated-that is, cooled or cold during the entire operation. The surface may, if. desired, be kept so cold as to be below the ordinary freezing-point, when'moisture of the atmosphere will settle upon the surface, and thus provide a continuous moistened surface, which is not always possible when a body is revolved at a very high rate of speed. The refrigerated surface of the moving body when brought into frictional contact with the article to be ground or polishedwill not generate heat. Therefore the article'will retain its normal temperature and not have its temper drawn. For this reason the usual care that is at present required in grinding ordinary steel articles will be entirely sufficient with my invention to grind and polish articles of the finest kind without danger of drawing the temper therefrom. The cooling or refrigerating medium employed by me in this instance may be aircompressed or gas, or it may be compressed air or gas expanded in or about the grinding or polishing device, the cooling effect incident ,to the expansion being utilized, or it may be liquid air or any freezable liquid andmay, as heretofore described, enter the wheel'or other moving body atone point and after performing its function of cooling'or refrigerating the peripheral part of the same pass out at another point and, if desirable, back to the cooling plant to be recooledthat is, relieved of the heat which it has absorbed from the peripheral grinding-surface. In lieu of this where compressed air is employed it may after subserving its function pass out either at the point it entered or at some other point and again become a part of the outside atmosphere.

While I have described my invention as used for grinding or polishing, it is obvious that it may be utilized for any other appropriate purpose.

It is to be understood that this invention is to be distinguished from one employing or.- dinary water, where on account of the high speed of the wheel the water will not beretained on its surface. The point of the invention is by any means to refrigerate the moving body or its surface in order that in contacting with an object it will not generate heat.

Without limiting myself to the precise construction shown, since the invention is capable of various modifications and various changes in the construction shown may be made Without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention, what I claim is-- 1. An apparatus for grinding or polishing articles, comprising a movable body, means for moving the body, and means for refrigerating the same, the refrigerant not being in direct contact with the exterior of the body, substantially as described.

2. An apparatus for grinding or polishing articles, comprising a movable body carrying an abrading-surface, means for giving motion to the body, and means for refrigerating the same, the refrigerant not being in direct contact with the exterior of the body, substantial] y as described.

3. An apparatus for grinding or polishing articles, means for preventing generation of heat therein consisting of a refrigerant out of direct contact with the abrading-surface of the body, substantially as described.

4. An apparatus for grinding or polishing articles, comprising a movable body, and means for refrigerating the same internally, substantially as described.

5. An apparatus for grinding or polishing articles, comprising a movable body, and means for refrigerating the same internally and externally substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

JOSEPH MISKOLCZY.

lVitnesses:

CHAS. E. RIoRDoN, EDMUND lI. PARRY. 

